By Dr Mariana Melo
December 2025
Recent studies show that oral immunotherapy (OIT) is particularly safe and effective in very young children, offering a window of opportunity to modify food allergy early in life. A Cleveland Clinic study in children under four years reported that 95% successfully reached their target dose (equivalent to two peanuts for peanut OIT). Side effects were generally mild, and only 2% required adrenaline – far lower than rates seen in older children. These findings align with the National Institute of Health IMPACT trial, which showed high desensitisation and promising remission rates in children aged one to three, with better outcomes when OIT is started early. Additional recent preschool data confirm that early OIT could increase the chance of long-term tolerance and improve quality of life. While reactions can occur, structured programs and careful dosing make OIT a safe and effective option for many families seeking proactive management of food allergy.
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